Archive for the 'Root' Category

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June 30th, 2008 * Comments(2)
  • Karstadt: 20 Prozent sparen mit neuer Rabatt-Aktion
    Mit Rabatten von bis zu 20 Prozent startet Karstadt in das neue Jahr. Vorteil der Januar-Aktion: Die Preisabschläge sind sowohl in den Läden vor Ort, als auch im Internet gültig.
  • Norma: DVDs zu Schnäppchenpreisen von je 4,99 Euro
    Bei Norma sind ab dem 12. Januar 2009 DVDs zum Schnäppchenpreis von je 4,99 Euro zu haben. Darunter sind die Titel “Erin Brokovich”, “28 Tage” und “Rocky”. Amazon verlangt derzeit deutlich mehr.
  • Gratis: Buch-Discounter Jokers liefert frei Haus
    Der Buch-Discounter Jokers feiert in diesem Jahr seinen 10. Geburtstag. Aus diesem Anlass werden alle Bestellungen, die vom 2. bis 4. Januar 2008 eingehen, frei Haus geliefert. Einen Mindestbestellwert gibt es nicht.
  • Lidl: Kulinarische Spezialitäten aus Fernost
    Der Discounter Lidl beginnt das Schnäppchen-Jahr 2009 mit kulinarischen Spezialitäten aus Fernost: Ab dem 8. Januar sind regional zahlreiche Köstlichkeiten wie Krabbenchips, Wok-Nudeln und Bambussprossen im Angebot.

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Highlights of Iran’s history

May 19th, 2008 * Comments(0)
  • Medes
  • Achämenidisches
  • Seleucids
  • Sassanians
  • Arabs
  • Seljuken und Mongolen
  • Timurids and Turkmen
  • Safavid
  • Afshari
  • Zand
  • Qajar
  • Pahlavi
  • Islamic Republic
Medes Vor-Achämenidisches Persien (von 7,000 v. Chr.)
4,000-2,000 Bronze Age settlements of Tappeh Sialk, Susa, Tappeh Gyian, Tappeh Hasanlu, and Teppeh Hessar.
2750 (Babylon) Namensgebung für die wichtigsten Sternbilder des nördlichen Himmels.
1,200 Zenith of Elamite Kingdom. Iron Age. Settlement of Chogha Zanbil in Khuzestan.
844 First mention of Iranians in Assyrian texts.
728-675 Deioces grosste Medisches Reich.
722 Founding of Hagmatana (modern Hamadan).
Achämenidisches Persien (700-330 v. Chr.)
700-675 Achamenes.
675-640 Teispes.
648 Assyrer zerstören elamitisches Susa.
640-600 Cyrus I.(kourosh, kouros)
630-533 Zoroaster und Gründung der Zoroastrier.
612-606 Meder und Babylonier stürzen das Assyrische Reich.
Zerstöung von Nineveh.
600-599 Cambyses I. (Kambiz)
599-530 Cyrus II, (kourosh, kouros the Great) der Grosse.
Start of Achämenid Empire
he established a large empire stretching from the Mediterranean in the west to eastern Iran, and from the Black Sea in the north to Arabia.
He was killed in 530 BC during a campaign in the north-eastern part of his empire
530-522 Cambyses II.
525522-486 Cambyses erobert Ägypten.Darius I, der Grosse. Steinrelief am Berg Bisotun.
Wiedererstehen von Susa. Persepolis. Darius erweitert das Reich vom Indus bis zum Nil und Donau. Grabkammer von Darius bei Naqsh-e Rustam.
Darius I, the Great. Rock relief at Mount Bisotun.
Revival of Susa. Persepolis. Darius broadens the Empire from the Indus to the Nile and Danube.
Tomb of Darius at Naqsh-e Rustam.

486-464
464-425
420-404


404-358

336-330

 Xerxes I
Artaxerxes I.
Darius II.
Demokrit (ca. 470-400)

Artaxerxes II

Aristoteles (384-322 v.Chr.)

Darius III.
Alexander the Great invades Iran, destroys the uncompleted Persepolis, and takes the Iranian Empire.
302 - 309 Hormazd II
Seleucids (Arsacids) and Parthian’s Empire(312 v.Chr. - 224 n. Chr.)
312-281
281-261
261-246
246-225
225-223
223-186
187-175
175-163		 Antiochos I Soter.
Antiochos II Theos.
Seleucid II Khallinikos.
Antiochos Hierax Seleucus Soter.
Antiochos III Megas.
Seleucus IV Philopator.
Antiochus IV Epiphanes.
163-162
161-138
138-124		 Antiochos V Eupator.
Mithridates I gründet das Parther-Reich.
Phrates II.
124-123 Artabanus II.
123-87 Mithridates II. Höhepukt des Parther-Reiches.
87 v.-224 n. Untergang des Parther-Reiches und Aufstieg von Rom.

Julius Cäsar 100 v. Chr. + 44 v. Chr
Augustus 43 v. Chr. - 14 n. Chr.
Tiberius 14-37 n. Chr.
Caligula 37-41
Claudius 41-54
Nero 54-68
Trajan 98 - 117
Hadrian 117 - 138
Marc Aurel 161 - 180
Diocletian 284 - 305
Constantinus 306 - 337
Sassanians (224-651)
224-240 Artaxerxes I
(Ardashir I Son of Papak)
Artaxerxes I over throws the Parthians and founds the Sassaniian Empire , his capital Ctesiphon.
240-270 Shapur I
(Son of Ardashir I)
Er dringt in das Römische Reich ein (252-261), und nimmt Kaiser Valerian gefangen (260).
Shapur I invades Roman Empire(252-261), capturing the Emperor Valerian in 260.
270-271 Hormuzd I (Son of Shapur I)
271-274
274-293		 Bahram I.(Varhran I ) Son of ShapurI
Bahram II.(Varhran II ) Son of Shapur I
283 The Emperor Garus takes Cteisphon, cedes Armenia and north Mesopotamia to Rome.
293 Bahram III (Son of Bahram II)
293 - 302 Narseh (Son of Shapur I)
302-309 Hormuzd II. Son of Shapur I.
309-379 Shapur II.
363 Shapur III defeats Julian the Apostate in battle, regaining Armenia and north Mesopotamia.
379 Friedensvertrag mit Rom.
379-383 Artaxerxes II. ( Ardashir II)
(Brother, son or nephew of Shapur II)
383-388 Shapur III. (Son of Shapur II)
388-399
399-420
420-438		 Bahram IV.(Son of Shapur III)
Yazdegerd I. (Son of Varhran IV)
Bahram V (Son of Yazdgard I)
438-457 Yazdegerd II. (Son of Bahram V)
410
425
457-459		 Alaric erobert Rome.
Weiße Hunnen Überfallen Khorasan.
Hormuzd III.
459-484
484-488
488-497		 Firuz. (Peroz) Son of Yazdgard II
Balash. (Valkash) Brother of Peroz I
Kavadh
496 - 498 Zamasp Son of Peroz I
498 - 531
531-579
570		 Kavad I
Khosrow I ( Khusro I)
Geburt des Propheten Mohammed. Yemen unter persischer Kontrolle.
579-590 Hormuzd IV. Son of Khusro I.
590 - 591
591 - 597
590 -628		 Varhran VI
Vistahm Brother-in-law of Hormazd IV
Khosrow II. Son of Khusro I
628 Kavad Shirö, a son of Khosrow II, was proclaimed king as Kavad II on the death of his father in the spring of 628 AD.
628-629
629-631
631-632
632		 Ardashir III Son of Kavad II
Khusro III Nephew of Khusro II
Hormazd V Grandson of Khusro II
Tod des Propheten Mohammed.
629-631 Khusro III Nephew of Khusro II
632-651 Yazdegerd III, Grandson of Khusro II. der letzte Sassanidische Herrscher.
Yazdegerd III, the last Sassaniian Monarch.
641 Die Araber besiegen Perser bei Nahavand. Persien ist formal dem Arabischen Imperium einverleibt.
The Arabs defeat the Iranians at Nahavand. Iran is Formally annexed to the Arab empire.
651 Tod von Yazdegerd III, dessen Familie und Anhänger nach China geflohen sind.
Death of Yazdegerd III, whose family and followers flee to China.
Arabs Frühislamische Zeit (661-750)
Ummayadisches Kalifat (Arabs - Umayyad Caliphate), riegiert von Damaskus
634-644 Umar
661 Mordanschlag auf Imam Ali, von Kharijia Fanatikern, bei Kufa.
650 - 656 Uthman (Osman)
656 - 661
661 - 680 		Ali
Mu’awiya I
680 - 683 Yazid I son of Mu’awiya I
683 - 684
684 - 685
685 - 705
705 - 715
715 - 717
717 - 720
720 - 724
724 - 743
743 - 744		 Mu’awiya II
Marwan I
Abd-al-Malik
Al-Walid I
Suleyman
Umar II
Yazid II
Hisham
Al-Walid II
744 Yazid III, Ibrahim
744 - 750 Marwan II
Arabs - Abbasid Caliphate(750 - 821
750 - 754 Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah.
754 - 775 Al-Mansur, regiert von Baghdad aus.
775 - 785 Al-Mahdi
785 - 786 Al-Hadi
786 - 809 Harun al-Rashid
809 - 813 Al-Amin
813 - 833 Al-Mamun
Iranian intermezzo (821 - 1055)

Samanid (Turkestan)
864 - 892 Nasr I
892 - 907 Ismail
907 - 914 Ahmad
914 - 942 Nasr II
942 - 954 Nuh I
954 - 961 Abd al-Malik I
961 - 976 Mansur I
976 - 997 Nuh II
997 - 999 Mansur II
999 Abd al-Malik
Ghaznavid (Khurasan)
Ghaznavidische Dynasty steigt im Osten auf, fordern die Samaniden heraus.
Ghaznavi dynasty rises in the east, challenging the Samanids. 962-1040

Aufstieg der Buvayhiden nahe Shiraz, regieren Kerman, Khuzestan, Fars, Isfahan, Rey, Hamadan, und Baghdad (in verschiedenen Zweigen).
Rise of the Buvayhids near Shiraz, ruling Kerman, Khuzestan, Fars, Isfahan, Rey, Hamadan, and Baghdad (in several branches). 935-1055
861-872 Tahiridische Dynasty in Khorasan.
977 - 997
997 - 998
998 - 1030
1030
1030 - 1040
1040 - 1041
1041 - 1048
1048
1048 - 1049
1049 - 1051
1051 - 1052
1052 - 1059
1059 - 1099
1099 - 1115
1115 - 1116
1116 - 1117
1117 - 1157
1157 - 1160
1160 - 1186 		Ismail I
Mahmud
Muhammad
Masoud I
Muhammad (restored)
Maudud
Masoud II
Ali
Abd al-Rashid
Toghril
Farokhzad
Ibrahim
Masoud III
Shirzad
Arslanshah
Bahramshah Ghurid Empire Shansabani Dynasty (Afghanistan) 1117-1215
Khusrowshah
Khosrow Malik
Ferdowsi, Dichter und Verfasser des Shahnameh. (ca. 950-1020)
Ferdowsi, poet of the Shahnameh.
The Shahnameh or The Epic of Kings is one of the definite classics of the world. It tells hero tales of ancient Persia.An important feature of this work is that during the period that Arabic language was known as the main language of science and literature, Ferdowsi used only Persian in his masterpiece. As Ferdowsi himself says “Persian language is revived by this work”.
Avicenna (Ibn Sina ), Philosoph und Arzt.(980-1036)
Avicenna, philosopher and physician.

Ibn Sina was born in 980 C.E. in the village of Afshana near Bukhara which today is located in the far south of Russia.
His medical masterpiece was the Canon of Medicine. His other masterpiece, the Book of Healing, is a philosophical treatise dealing with the soul. Avicenna’s interpretation of Aristotle followed to some extent that of the Neoplatonists.
The book Canon and Therapy by the distinguished
Persian philosopher and physician Ibn Sina, was thought in many European schools of medicine till 18th Century.
Seljuken und Mongolen (1037-1335)
1038- 1063 Seljukische Türken üerfallen Persien unter Tughril Beg.
Seljuk Turks invade Iran under Tughril Beg.
1055 Tughril beendet Buvahidische Herrschaft.
Tughril ends Buvahid rule.
1063-1072 Alp Arsalan.
1072-1092 Malik Shah. Höhepunkt der Seljukischen Macht.
1090-1257 Ismailii Gesellschaft der Assassiner unter den ‘Herrscher des Berges’ terrorisieren den Norden Persiens vom Tal Alamut aus.
Ismailii Society of Assassins under the Master of Mountains terrorize northern Iran from the Valley of Alamut.
1092 - 1105
1105 		Berk Yaruq
Malik Shah II
1105 - 1118 Muhammad I
1118-1157 Sanjar. Ende der Seljukischen Herrschaft in Persien.
1136-1320 Attar, mystischer Poet aus Mantiq at-Tair.
1140-c1202 Nizami, Poet der Makhzan al-Asrar.
ca. 1184-1291 Sa’di, Poet der Bustan and Gulistan.
1207-1273 Rumi, Poet der Masnavi, und Grossder der Molevi Regeln der Tanzenden Derwische.
1219-1227 Dschingis Khan erobert Persien.
1256-1265 Hulagu Khan.
1258 Mongolen plündern Baghdad. Ende des Abbasidischen Kalifats.
1260 Mongols erobern Aleppo, Hama, Damaskus.
Mongols capture Aleppo, Hama, Damascus.
1265-1284 Abaqa.
1284-1291 Arghun.
1291-1295 Gaikhatu.
1295 Baidu.
1295-1304 Ghazan, Größter der Ilkhans, tritt zum Moslemischen Glauben über.
Ghazan, greatest of the Ilkhans, a Muslim convert.
1304-1316 Olijaitu.
1317-1335 Abu Sa’id. Zusammenbruch des Ilkhaniden Staates.
Abu Sa’id. Collapse of the Ilkhanid State.
Hafez, Dichter aus Shiraz.(1320-1389)
Hafez, Shirazi poet.
Timurids and Turkmen (1380-1500)
1380-1405 Timur erobert Persien. Amtsenthebung der Nestorianischen Kirche.
Suspension of the Nestorian Church.
1397 Timur fällt in Indien ein.
1405- 1408 Tod von Timur. Amtsantritt von Shahrokh. Anarchie in Persien.
Death of Timur. Accession of Shahrokh. Anarchy in Iran.
Miranshah (Western Persia)
1409 - 1411 Khalil (Western Persia)
1409 - 1447 Shah Rokh Shah
1411-1492 Jami, Dichter des Haft Awrang.
Jami, poet of the Haft Awrang.
1447-1452 Ulugh Beg.
1452-1466 Abu Sa’id der Timuride.
1500 Umsturz der Timuriden.
Safavid (1502-1736)
1502-1524 Ismail I. wechsel Persiens zum Shiitischen Islam.
Ismail I. Conversion of Iran to Shiite Islam.
1524-1576 Tahmasb I.
Nikolaus Kopernikus (1473-1545)
1576-1577 Ismail II.
1577-1578
1587-1629 Abbas I. Höhepunkt der Safavidischen Macht.
1598, Abbas moved the Safavid capital to Isfahan from Qazwin.
Abbas I. Capital transferred to Isfahan. Zenith of Safavid power.

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
1629-1642 Safi I.
1642-1666 Abbas II.
1666-1694 Suleiman I.

Leibniz (1646-1716)
1694-1722 Hossein.

Newton (1643-1727)
1722 Safavid
Afghanen erobern Isfahan.
Afghans capture Isfahan.
1722-1732 Tahmasb II.
1724 Mahmud erobert Shiraz. Massaker an den Safavidischen Princen.
Mahmud takes Shiraz. Massacre of Safavid princes.
1732-1736 Abbas III. Sturz der Safaviden.
Das moderne Persien zum heutigen Iran (1729 - 1979)
1736-1747 Afshari Nadir Shah Afshar
Afsharidische Dynasty von Nader Quli begröndet.
In 1738-39 Nadir invaded Mughal India. He was brilliantly successful, taking and sacking Delhi and Lahore and carrying off vast treasure, including the Koh-i-noor diamond and the Peacock Throne.
1748-1750
1747-1748
1750-1779

1779-1785

1785-1789
1789-1794

 Adil.
Shahrokh der Afsharide.
Zand Karim Khan begründet Zand Dynasty.
Karim Khan founds Zand dynasty.
Ali Murad.
 Ampére (1775-1836)
Ja’far.Lutf Ali Khan.
Ohm (1789-1849)
1795-1797 Mohammed Qajar stürzt die Zand Dynasty und begründet die Qajaren Dynasty.
founder of the Qajar dynasty. He was emasculated by family enemies at the age of five.

Faraday (1791-1867)
1797-1834 Fath Ali Shah.
nephew of Aga Muhammad Shah.
The shah’s attempt to
reconqür Georgia proved disastrous, and the Treaty of Gulistan (1813) and
the Treaty of Turkmanchai (1828) deprived Persia of the Caucasus and
color=#000080 marked a downward trend in Persian power.
1834-1848 Mohammed Shah.
Fotografie(1837)
Revolution in Frankreich(1848)
Maxwell (1831-1879)
1848-1896
1896-1907		 Naser ad-Din Shah.
He traveled extensively in Europe and brought back many Western ideas, some of which he applied to the reorganization of the government.
Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894)
 Film (1895)
Erfindung des Automobile (1895)

Muzaffar ad-Din Shah son of Nasir ad-Din.
A weak ruler, he borrowed money from Russia and failed to oppose the encroachments of Russia and Great Britain on Persian sovereignty.He died soon after signing the long-awaited liberal constitution. He was succeeded by Muhammad Ali.
1906
1909-1923		 Mohammed Ali Shah.
Sultan Ahmad, the last of the Qajars
The last Qajar monarch was a venal and weak king

Einsteins spezielle/allgemeine
Relativitätstheorie 1905-1915
1925-1941 Reza Khan als Reza Shah Begründer der Pahlevi Dynasty.
Premier Minister von Ahmad Shah.
proclamation of Reza Khan as Reza Shah prime minister of Mohammed Ali Shah.,
founder of the Pahlavi dynasty.
Under his rule the Trans-Iranian RR was built, the Univ. of Tehran was established, and industrialization was stepped-up.

Hubble 1929
Niels Bohr (Nobelpreis 1922)
1941-1979 Mohammed Reza Shah son of Reza Shah Pahlevi.

Otto Hahn (Nobelpreis 1944)

Max Planck
Max Born (Nobelpreis 1954)
1979 - Persien Islamic Republic
1979 Religiöser Aufruhr geführt von Ayatollah Khomeini, protestiert gegen die sogenannte ‘Weiße Revolution’.

Islamic Republic under Constitution of 1979, with Ayatollah Sayyid Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini
Literatur :
Zwischen Persepolis und Firuzabad
Gräber, Paläste und Felsenreliefs im alten Persien
Persische Mythen
Die alten Persischen Mythen
Geschichte von Zoroaster

Take a free course online.

March 29th, 2008 * Comments(0)


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